What Are the Holes in Monstera Leaves Called?

By Emma Johnson · January 24, 2026

The holes in Monstera leaves are called fenestrations. These natural perforations develop as the plant matures and allow light to reach lower leaves in its native rainforest habitat.

What Are Fenestrations in Monstera Leaves?

Fenestrations are the distinctive splits and holes that appear in the leaves of mature Monstera deliciosa and other related species. Unlike damage or disease, these openings are a natural and desirable feature that signals healthy growth.

Why Do Monsteras Develop Fenestrations?

Light penetration: In their natural tropical environment, fenestrations allow sunlight to pass through to lower leaves.
Wind resistance: The holes reduce wind load, helping the large leaves withstand strong gusts.
Rainwater drainage: Openings prevent water from pooling on leaves, reducing the risk of fungal growth.
Evolutionary adaptation: These features help Monstera thrive in dense forest understories.

Factors That Influence Fenestration Development

Not all Monstera plants display fenestrations immediately. Several key factors determine whether and how well these features develop.

Age of the Plant

Young Monstera plants typically have solid, oval-shaped leaves. Fenestrations usually begin to appear between 2–3 years of age, depending on growing conditions.

Light Exposure

Bright, indirect light is essential. Insufficient light is the most common reason for lack of fenestrations. Plants grown in low-light conditions often produce smaller, solid leaves.

Nutrition and Watering

A balanced fertilizer regimen and consistent watering support robust leaf development. Overwatering or poor drainage can stunt growth and delay fenestration.

Plant Age (Years)	Average Leaf Size (cm)	Fenestration Presence	Light Level (Lux)	Fertilization Frequency
1	15–20	No	5,000	Monthly
2	25–30	Partial	10,000	Bi-weekly
3+	40–60	Yes	15,000–20,000	Monthly
4+	60–90	Full	18,000–25,000	Bi-monthly

Table data source:1, 2

Data shows that fenestration development correlates strongly with plant maturity, light intensity, and proper nutrition. Plants receiving over 15,000 lux of indirect light and appropriate feeding are significantly more likely to develop full fenestrations by year three.

How to Encourage Fenestrations in Your Monstera

If your Monstera isn’t developing holes, consider these proven strategies:

Maximize light: Place near a bright east or south-facing window with sheer curtains.
Rotate regularly: Ensure even light exposure to promote symmetrical growth.
Use a moss pole: Providing vertical support mimics natural climbing behavior and encourages larger, fenestrated leaves.
Fertilize properly: Use a balanced 20-20-20 NPK fertilizer during the growing season (spring to summer).
Be patient: Fenestrations take time—don’t expect them on juvenile plants.

Common Misconceptions About Monstera Holes

Many plant owners mistake environmental stress for natural fenestration patterns. True fenestrations are symmetrical, clean-edged, and appear on new growth—not random tears or brown spots.

Fenestrations are not caused by pests or disease.
Holes in young leaves may indicate nutrient deficiency or physical damage.
Artificially cutting holes is discouraged—it increases infection risk.

Frequently Asked Questions About Monstera Leaf Holes

Why are the holes in Monstera leaves called fenestrations?

The term "fenestration" comes from the Latin word "fenestra," meaning window. It describes the window-like openings in Monstera leaves that resemble glass panes in a building.

Do all Monstera species develop fenestrations?

Most do, but to varying degrees. Monstera deliciosa and Monstera adansonii show prominent fenestrations, while M. siltepecana and M. dubia remain mostly unfenestrated even when mature.

Will my young Monstera eventually get holes in its leaves?

Yes, if provided with proper care. Juvenile Monsteras have solid leaves, but fenestrations typically emerge between 2–3 years of age under optimal light and nutrition.

Can I make my Monstera grow holes faster?

You can encourage earlier fenestrations by increasing light (without burning), using a support pole, and feeding monthly during growing months. However, rushing growth can stress the plant.

Are split leaves the same as hole-filled leaves in Monsteras?

Yes. Both splits (leaf edge divisions) and holes (internal perforations) are forms of fenestration. Mature Monstera deliciosa develops both types as part of its natural leaf structure.

In summary, the holes in Monstera leaves—known as fenestrations—are a natural, adaptive trait that enhances survival in the wild and adds dramatic visual appeal in home settings. With proper care, patience, and ideal conditions, your Monstera will develop these iconic features over time.