Protecting Plants from Frost: Cold Snap Survival

Understanding Frost Damage

Frost occurs when surface temperatures drop to 32°F (0°C), causing ice crystals to form inside plant cells, rupturing cell walls and creating blackened, mushy tissue.

Frost Severity Levels

• Light frost (32°F): Damages tender annuals; hardy perennials survive
• Hard freeze (28°F for 4+ hours): Kills most tender plants
• Severe freeze (24°F or below): Lethal to all but the most cold-hardy species

Emergency Protection Methods

Frost Cloths

Spun-bonded polypropylene frost cloths provide 4–8°F of protection. Drape before sunset, remove in the morning. Never use plastic sheeting directly on plants.

Mulch as Insulation

A 3–4 inch layer of organic mulch insulates roots and maintains soil temperature 5–10°F warmer than exposed soil.

Water Before a Freeze

Moist soil retains heat better than dry soil. Water thoroughly the afternoon before a predicted frost.

Post-Frost Care

Do not prune immediately. Damaged foliage provides insulation. Wait until spring growth begins, then prune to live tissue.

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